What it changes in the music
An LFO can change filter position, pitch, amplitude or another destination over time. Rate sets the pace of the modulation, while depth sets its range. A slow small movement may create subtle evolution; a faster or deeper one can become an obvious rhythmic or pitch effect. The result depends strongly on the chosen destination and modulation shape.
A small experiment
Route a slow LFO to a pad’s filter at a small depth. Increase the depth briefly to identify the effect, then reduce it until it supports the texture.
Keep this distinction clear
An LFO and a note-triggered envelope have different timing relationships. One commonly repeats, while the other follows an event-shaped trajectory when triggered.
Related sound terms
Technical background
- Ableton Learning Synths — Interactive synthesis fundamentals.
- MDN: OscillatorNode — Waveform and oscillator behavior in Web Audio.
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